在英语学习的过程中,冠词的使用总是让许多学生感到困惑。下面,我将详细解析英语冠词的常见用法,希望能为你的学习提供帮助。
一、冠词的分类
冠词分为定冠词the和不定冠词a/an。
二、不定冠词的用法
1. 用于第一次提到的可数名词单数。例如:She is working in a factory.
2. 用于人名前,表示与某名人有类似性质的人或事物。例如:A Smith is asking for you outside.
3. 用于修饰单位、速度、比率等名词,意为“每一”。例如:The car is running 80 miles an hour.
4. 用于序数词前,表示“又一、再一”的含义。例如:When I sat down, a fourth man stood up to speak.
5. 用于of+a(n)+n.可以限制类别或者数量的名词结构中,表示“同一、相同”时=the same。例如:We are of an age.
6. 用于具体化的抽象名词前,表示“一个人”或“一件事”。例如:My family is a failure in life.
7. 用于表示世界上独一无二有形容词修饰的名词前。例如:Everybody wishes to live in a peaceful world.
8. 当表示“季节、月份、日期、三餐”的名词前有形容词修饰时。例如:We really had a wonderful breakfast this morning.
9. 用于固定搭配,表示“许多、大量”。例如:have a cold/have a fever/all of a sudden/in a hurry/for a while/in a word/have a gift for/have a word with/at a loss/once upon a time.
10. 有些不可数名词,如knowledge, collection, understanding后面加of时,前面需用不定冠词a/an。例如:Her new book is a collection of short stories.
11. so/as/too/how+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数。例如:She is as good a student as anybody else.
12. half/many/quite/rather/such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数。例如:We have never seen such a beautiful girl before.
三、定冠词的用法
1. 用于姓氏复数前,表示一家人。例如:The Greens are at table.
2. 用于年代、朝代名词前或用在世纪或逢10的复数年代前。(在某人50多岁时用in ones 50s)例如:A great many important events took place in the 1900s.
3. 用于表示计量单位的名词前。例如:Apples are sold by the kilogram.
4. 特指双方都明白的人或者事物。例如:Take the medicine.
5. 指上文提到过的人或者事物。例如:He bought a house. I’ve been to the house.
6. 指世界上独一无二的事物。例如:the sun, the Internet, the moon,但space前没有冠词。
7. 与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人或者一类事物。例如:the rich, the wounded, the new.
8. 用于表示乐器的名词前,但中国乐器前没有定冠词。例如:play the piano, play erhu.
9. 用于序数词、形容词最高级以及形容词only, very, same前面。例如:She is always the first to come and the last to leave.
10. 动词+sb.+介词+the +身体的某一部位。例如:take sb. by the arm.
11. 用于the more…,the more…结构中,表示“越……越……”。例如:The harder you study, the better you will learn.
12. 用于发明物的单数名词前,既表示特指又表示类别。例如:Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
四、零冠词的用法
1. 不可数名词、复数名词表示泛指,用零冠词。例如:Father went to his doctor for advice about his heart trouble.
2. 月、季、星期、节假、洲;呼语、头衔、职务前;三餐、球类,惯用语;学科、棋类名词前用零冠词。例如:He has no lessons on Sundays.
3. 在独立主格结构中“名词+介词+名词”中的名词前。例如:The teacher is standing in the front of the classroom, book in hand.
4. turn, go做系动词,表示“变为、成为” 时,后接可数名词单数做表语,不定冠词要省略。例如:She turned teacher ten years ago.
5. in+书写工具或者颜料。例如:You can never write your composition in red.
6. “零冠词+单数名词+as/though+主语+谓语”。例如:Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings.
7. 固定短语。例如:At home, at first, on condition that, in charge of, in danger, in spite of, out of breath.
希望这些解析能帮助你更好地理解和运用英语冠词。