冠词：分为不定冠词[a,an]和定冠词[the]，不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指

物主代词：分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词．形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，例：my,his her your its their…名词性物主代词相当于名词，例：mine yours his hers its theirs…

不定代词：有anything everything nothing everyone everybody nobody等

疑问代词：有what where how why when…

名词所有格：就是表示所属关系。如果是有生命的就用's,没生命的用of，例：Yhis is my mother's dress. /The leg of the desk was broken.

宾语：就是名词或代词，可以放在动词后，构成动宾结构；[例：I like eating apples.]也可放在介词后，构成介宾结构。[例:The housework is often done by the two member in my family,my mother and me.]

谓语：就是动词，放在主语后面。例：I am swimming.