1.by
(1)表示方法,手段。即“用。。。,
通过。。。。”相当于by
means
of
如:
All
work
had
to
be
done
by
hand
所有的工作都是手工进行的。
He
makes
a
living
by
teaching
他以教书为生。
(2)表示传达、传递的方式或煤介。如:
How
did
you
send
the
letter,
by
airmail
or
by
ordinary
mail?
你是怎么发送的这信,是通过航天邮件还是普通邮件?
(3)表示用交通工具、通讯工具后接名词单数,不加冠词。如:
He
came
by
train,
but
his
wife
came
by
bus.
他是乘火车来的,可是他老婆是坐公共汽车来的。
2.
through
(1)
表示“以;通过;经由”。如:
He
succeeded
through
hard
work.
(2)
空间上通过,透过,经过
Light
comes
in
through
the
window。光线从窗户进来。
(3)
时间上通过,
自始至终,从头到尾经过
He
often
works
through
the
night
他常常通宵工作。