不定冠词用来表示“一”这个数量,意思和one差不多:
Rome was not built in a day.
罗马不是一天建成的。
The plan will be ready in a week or two.
计划一两周内就可定好。
How much is it?-- Twenty cents a catty.
怎么卖?——两毛一斤。
A stitch in time saves nine.
及时(缝)一针顶十针。
这种用法在表示重量、长度、时间等的词组中特别普遍,例如:a pair of socks, a hundred, two yuan a metre, eight hours a day, twice a week, a cup of coffee, a handful of, at a blow, at a stretch, one at a time, in a word, at a glance.
不定冠词也可用来表示“某一个”(仍然译作“一个”):
A professor from their university is coming to give us a talk.
他们大学的一位教授将来给我们做报告。
This poem was written by a student.
这首诗是一个学生写的。
At that time I was working in a factory.
那时我在一家工厂工作。
She picked up a magazine and began to read.
她拿起一本杂志开始看起来。
至于究竟指哪个人或东西这里是看不出来的,如果指某特定的人或东西,就必须用定冠词,例如:
Where is the professor from their university?
他们大学来的那位教授在哪里?
在作表语或同位语用的名词前加不定冠词的情形也是很多的,这时主要说明某个人或东西是属于哪一类:
This is a sanatorium for textile workers.
这是一所纺织工人疗养院。
The peasant girl has now become an engineer.
这个农村姑娘现在成了工程师了。
Is this a planer or a lathe?
这是刨床还是车床?
This is Mr. Brown, a member of the trade union committee.
这是工会委员布朗先生。
这种表示类别的用法在下面这类句子中也可以看到:
He worked as a language teacher in that university.
他在那所大学里任语文教员。
She was soon accepted as a member of the club.
不久她就被接受加入了这个俱乐部。
We all thought him a suitable person for the job.
我们都认为他是适合这项工作的人。
不定冠词还可以和名词一起来代表一类人或东西:
A teacher must love his students.
老师应当爱学生。
The best way to learn a language is to live among its speakers.
学语言最好的办法是生活在说这种语言的人当中。
A semi-conductor has some important properties.
半导体有一些重要的特性。
Even a child can answer this question.
就是小孩子也能回答这个问题。
不定冠词在表示“一个”或“某一个”意思的时候,在译为汉语时,一般都有“一”字出现。在不定冠词表示类别时,译为汉语时“一”字是不一定出现的。正因为这样,我们在表示这类意思时,常常受汉语的影响,忘了加冠词,因此必须特别注意。一般来说,可数名词单数,如果是泛指,前面总是要加不定冠词的。另外不定冠词在表示类别时,如果要把不定冠词后的名词变为复数,只要把不定冠词去掉就行了,因为可数名词复数也有表类别的作用,如:
These are sanatoria for textile workers.
Are they planers or lathes?
Teachers must love their students.
Semi-conductors have some important properties.
而不定冠词表示“一个”或“某一个”的时候,如果把不定冠词的名词变为复数,但把不定冠词去掉还不行,还得补上一个数词或不定代词(如:some, any等),如:
The plan will be ready in a few weeks.
Some professors from their university are coming to speak here today.
She picked up two magazines and began to read.
这是因为“一个”或“某一个”变为复数时就成为“几个”或“某几个”的缘故。