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什么是不定冠词

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不定冠词用来表示“一”这个数量,意思和one差不多:

Rome was not built in a day.

罗马不是一天建成的。

The plan will be ready in a week or two.

计划一两周内就可定好。

How much is it?-- Twenty cents a catty.

怎么卖?——两毛一斤。

A stitch in time saves nine.

及时(缝)一针顶十针。

这种用法在表示重量、长度、时间等的词组中特别普遍,例如:a pair of socks, a hundred, two yuan a metre, eight hours a day, twice a week, a cup of coffee, a handful of, at a blow, at a stretch, one at a time, in a word, at a glance.

不定冠词也可用来表示“某一个”(仍然译作“一个”):

A professor from their university is coming to give us a talk.

他们大学的一位教授将来给我们做报告。

This poem was written by a student.

这首诗是一个学生写的。

At that time I was working in a factory.

那时我在一家工厂工作。

She picked up a magazine and began to read.

她拿起一本杂志开始看起来。

至于究竟指哪个人或东西这里是看不出来的,如果指某特定的人或东西,就必须用定冠词,例如:

Where is the professor from their university?

他们大学来的那位教授在哪里?

在作表语或同位语用的名词前加不定冠词的情形也是很多的,这时主要说明某个人或东西是属于哪一类:

This is a sanatorium for textile workers.

这是一所纺织工人疗养院。

The peasant girl has now become an engineer.

这个农村姑娘现在成了工程师了。

Is this a planer or a lathe?

这是刨床还是车床?

This is Mr. Brown, a member of the trade union committee.

这是工会委员布朗先生。

这种表示类别的用法在下面这类句子中也可以看到:

He worked as a language teacher in that university.

他在那所大学里任语文教员。

She was soon accepted as a member of the club.

不久她就被接受加入了这个俱乐部。

We all thought him a suitable person for the job.

我们都认为他是适合这项工作的人。

不定冠词还可以和名词一起来代表一类人或东西:

A teacher must love his students.

老师应当爱学生。

The best way to learn a language is to live among its speakers.

学语言最好的办法是生活在说这种语言的人当中。

A semi-conductor has some important properties.

半导体有一些重要的特性。

Even a child can answer this question.

就是小孩子也能回答这个问题。

不定冠词在表示“一个”或“某一个”意思的时候,在译为汉语时,一般都有“一”字出现。在不定冠词表示类别时,译为汉语时“一”字是不一定出现的。正因为这样,我们在表示这类意思时,常常受汉语的影响,忘了加冠词,因此必须特别注意。一般来说,可数名词单数,如果是泛指,前面总是要加不定冠词的。另外不定冠词在表示类别时,如果要把不定冠词后的名词变为复数,只要把不定冠词去掉就行了,因为可数名词复数也有表类别的作用,如:

These are sanatoria for textile workers.

Are they planers or lathes?

Teachers must love their students.

Semi-conductors have some important properties.

而不定冠词表示“一个”或“某一个”的时候,如果把不定冠词的名词变为复数,但把不定冠词去掉还不行,还得补上一个数词或不定代词(如:some, any等),如:

The plan will be ready in a few weeks.

Some professors from their university are coming to speak here today.

She picked up two magazines and began to read.

这是因为“一个”或“某一个”变为复数时就成为“几个”或“某几个”的缘故。