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宾格 主格 的用法 老师告诉我行吗

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英语中的人称代词(Personal Pronouns)有主格、宾格和所有格之分,如:

I, me, my ; he, him, his ;they, them,their等。

顾名思义,主格(Thenominative case)用作主语,宾格(The objectivecase)用作宾语,所有格(The possessive case)则表示所有之物。

在实际运用中,主格和宾格代词有时会混淆。下面是常见的问题:

⒈在复合结构里,人称代词的主格和宾格在单独使用时,没有问题,如很少人会犯下这样的错误:

*(1)Wilcox spoke to I.

*(2)Her knew what hadhappened.

但在复合结构中,错误就难免了,如:

*(3)Wilcox spoke to myfriend and I.

*(4)He and her knewwhat had happened.

*(5)This is between youand he.

这种错误是可避免的。第一,在有介词的复合结构中,特别要注意,第二个人称代词,必须用宾语,如:"for you and me"和"between Maria and him".第二,试把复合结构中的另一部分暂时用括号围起来,那么该用的格就容易辨别了,如:

(6)This message is for(My father and) I or me.

(7)(Marry and) he orhim went downtowntogether.

显然的,(5)里的代词是宾格的"me", (6)里的代词是主格的"he".

⒉在比较结构里,连接词"as"或"than"后面,按理用主格式,但在口语中,人们常用宾格形式,学美式英语者,更是如此:

(8)a. You did as well asshe.

b. You did as well as her.

(9)a. I am older than he.

b. I am older than him.

(a)和(b)两种说法,都可接受。但如果"as"和"than"后头分句的主语和词动都要完整出现的话,这时的人称代词,就必须是主格,如下:

(10)You did as well asshe did.

(11)I am older than heis .

此外,还有一点要注意,就是"as"和"than"后面虽然在语法上用主格好,用宾格也可