英语中的人称代词(Personal Pronouns)有主格、宾格和所有格之分,如:
I, me, my ; he, him, his ;they, them,their等。
顾名思义,主格(Thenominative case)用作主语,宾格(The objectivecase)用作宾语,所有格(The possessive case)则表示所有之物。
在实际运用中,主格和宾格代词有时会混淆。下面是常见的问题:
⒈在复合结构里,人称代词的主格和宾格在单独使用时,没有问题,如很少人会犯下这样的错误:
*(1)Wilcox spoke to I.
*(2)Her knew what hadhappened.
但在复合结构中,错误就难免了,如:
*(3)Wilcox spoke to myfriend and I.
*(4)He and her knewwhat had happened.
*(5)This is between youand he.
这种错误是可避免的。第一,在有介词的复合结构中,特别要注意,第二个人称代词,必须用宾语,如:"for you and me"和"between Maria and him".第二,试把复合结构中的另一部分暂时用括号围起来,那么该用的格就容易辨别了,如:
(6)This message is for(My father and) I or me.
(7)(Marry and) he orhim went downtowntogether.
显然的,(5)里的代词是宾格的"me", (6)里的代词是主格的"he".
⒉在比较结构里,连接词"as"或"than"后面,按理用主格式,但在口语中,人们常用宾格形式,学美式英语者,更是如此:
(8)a. You did as well asshe.
b. You did as well as her.
(9)a. I am older than he.
b. I am older than him.
(a)和(b)两种说法,都可接受。但如果"as"和"than"后头分句的主语和词动都要完整出现的话,这时的人称代词,就必须是主格,如下:
(10)You did as well asshe did.
(11)I am older than heis .
此外,还有一点要注意,就是"as"和"than"后面虽然在语法上用主格好,用宾格也可