疑问代词在英语中扮演着关键的角色,它们如同名词短语,用于构造各种疑问句。主要有以下几种:what, who, whose, whom, which, whatever, whichever, whoever,和whomever。在句子结构中,疑问代词通常位于动词之前,无性别和数的变化,除who外,其他代词无需转换为宾格形式。它们还可以作为限定词,例如:
Whose are these books on the desk? (桌上的书是谁的?)
What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? (美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的?)
相比之下,which和what的指代范围有所不同:Which girls do you like best? (你喜欢哪几个姑娘?) 与 What girls do you like best? (你喜欢什么样的姑娘?)
值得注意的是,whom在书面语中作为who的宾格,例如:Who(m) did you meet on the street? (你在街上遇到了谁?)。在口语中,whom可被who替换,但介词后必须用whom,如:To whom did you speak on the campus? (你在校园里和谁讲话了?)
在现代英语中,当疑问代词引导介词宾语时,通常将疑问代词置于句首,介词置于句尾,如:What are you looking for? (你在找什么?)
此外,疑问代词还能引导名词性从句,例如:I can't make out what he is driving at. (我不知道他想表达什么)。以及Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed? (你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗?)