单数第三人称动词的用法及变化规则如下:
1. 使用规则:在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。
2. 人称代词:当主语为人称代词it、he、she时,谓语动词应分别变为its、his、her的形式。例如:
- It looks nice.
- He often has breakfast at seven.
- She likes dancing.
3. 单个人名、地名或称呼:当这些作为主语时,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。例如:
- Li Lei looks like his father.
- Fujian is in China.
- Uncle Zhan often makes cakes.
4. 单数可数名词:当单数可数名词或“this/that/the+单数可数名词”作为主语时,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。例如:
- An apple is on the desk.
- This car is black.
- That book is yours.
- The cat looks so cute.
5. 不定代词和指示代词:当主语为不定代词someone、somebody、nobody、everybody、something、everything等,以及指示代词this、that时,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。例如:
- Everyone is here.
- There is something wrong with the watch.
- This is an eraser.
6. 不可数名词:不可数名词作主语时,可看作第三人称单数。例如:
- The bread is very small.
7. 数字或字母:数字或字母作主语时,可看作第三人称单数。例如:
- "6" is a lucky number.
- "A" is the first letter.
8. 否定句:含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子变成否定句时,应使用doesn’t+动词原形。例如:
- He goes to school at seven in the morning.
- He doesn’t go to school at seven in the morning.
9. 疑问句:对含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子提问时,应使用助动词does,并且动词变为原形。例如:
- She often goes home at five in the afternoon.
- When does she go home in the afternoon?
变化规则:
1. 一般情况:大多数动词都在原形后加s。例如:
- come-comes
- keep-keeps
2. 以s、x、ch、sh和o结尾的动词:在动词原形后加es。例如:
- pass-passes
- fix-fixes
- teach-teaches
- go-goes
3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词:变y为i+es。例如:
- try-tries
- study-studies
4. 以元音字母+y结尾的动词:直接在动词后加s。例如:
- play-plays
5. 特殊情况:动词have在第三人称单数时变has;be动词的第三人称单数形式是is。