简单点说

1：一般现在时

主语+谓语动词现在式(+其他成分)

eg: I love dogs./The sun rises./She is a pretty girl.

2：现在进行时

主语+be动词(is/am/are)+动词的现在分词形式(+其他成分)

eg: He is dancing./ She is looking at a bird./I am meeting Jenny tonight(现在进行时表将来).

3：一般将来时

主语+will+谓语动词现在式(+其他成分)

eg: I will be there./He will stay./They will not take the ring.

4：一般过去时

主语+谓语动词过去式(+其他成分)

eg: Tom came here yesterday./He was not happy./They were born in 1990s.

5:一般疑问句

谓语动词+主语(+其他成分), 答句只回答yes或no

eg: Will you?/Would you like to have some more coffee?/Did someone call you last night?

6;特殊疑问句

疑问词(who/whose/which/where/when/why/how等)+谓语动词(+其他成分)

eg: What happened?(正常语序)/ Who are you talking about?(倒装语序)

7：反义疑问句

陈述句+疑问短句

eg: Everyone enjoy the party, didn't they?(前句肯定后句否定)/Nobody called me while I was out, did they?(前否后肯)

8：祈使句

祈使句以动词祈使式(其实和动词现在式长一样)作为句首，语法书上会说这句式的很多作用，命令、请求、指令、要求、建议、劝告等等。你只要记住，祈使句是让听话人有一定动作回应就好。

eg:I wish you would open the window.(陈述句表祈使)/Would you close the door, please?(疑问句表祈使)/Go to the classroom immediately.(直接祈使，传说中的“祈使句”句式)

9：表语从句

主语+谓语动词+名词/形容词/带名词形容词的短语之类/副词(+其他成分)，陈述句。其实

eg: He is an idiot./ He became silent./The television is still on.

10：宾语从句

宾语(名词或名词短句或动词分词形式等都可以作宾语)+谓语动词(+其他成分)

a.that引导的宾语从句(有时that可省略)

主句+that+宾语从句

eg:I know (that省了) she was sick./Who can be sure that he will understand?

b.关系代词what引导

eg: Show me what you've got.

c.动词+连接代词或副词 引导

eg:I wonder what you call this cat./ He asked why she didn't tell the story the day earlier.