文章结论：英文中，雨伞的单词是"umbrella"。这个词汇来源于拉丁文的"umbra"，意为遮阳或阴影，反映其最初的遮蔽功能。本文将通过几个实例，直观展示雨伞在英语中的运用。

在日常对话中，"We had neither umbrellas nor raincoats with us!"表明在没有雨具的情况下，"umbrellas"成为了必备品。而"I can't find my umbrella"则展示了人们对其丢失的困扰。"There is an umbrella behind the door"则是一个常见的室内场景，揭示了雨伞作为日常家居用品的存在。

雨伞不仅用于遮挡雨水，"The wind blew/turned my umbrella inside out"说明它也可以应对风的挑战。作为多功能工具，"umbrella"在现代生活中经常被用来阻挡阳光，如"Although originally designed for rain protection, it is now frequently used to shield from the sun as well."

至于雨伞的历史，"The oldest folding umbrellas, such as the traditional Chinese silk parasol, developed in China and were prevalent during the Chinese civilization."展示了其悠久的文化渊源。制作雨伞的材料多种多样，包括伸缩性布料和作为骨架的材料，如"Materials commonly used include flexible fabrics and sturdy structures like wires for reinforcement."

综上所述，"umbrella"是英语中描述雨伞的通用词汇，其功能和历史背景丰富多样，是日常生活中不可或缺的物品。